Environmental enrichment for ruminants & equines: the basics
In natural habitats, animals receive many stimuli that vary in place and time. In such habitats, they can express a wide range of behaviours that define the species’ behavioural repertoire. Farming or captive environments are designed to meet biological basic needs (e.g. for rest, feeding), but are far less complex…
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Council Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes
This directive pertains to the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.
Report from EURCAWs meeting with National Reference Centres & Supporting Bodies
The three EURCAWs (EURCAW Ruminants & Equines, EURCAW Pigs, and EURCAW Poultry-SFA) hosted the second workshop with National Reference Centres for Animal Welfare and the Competent Authorities’ Supporting Bodies on 13 September 2022. In total 89 participants from 22 Member States participated, including 24 members from the three EURCAWs, and…
Council Directive 98/58/EC of 20 July 1998 concerning the protection of animals kept for farming purposes
This Directive lays down minimum standards for the protection of animals bred or kept for farming purposes.
Council Directive 2008/119/EC of 18 December 2008 laying down minimum standards for the protection of calves
This Directive lays down the minimum standards for the protection of calves confined for rearing and fattening.
Structural features of partitions between individually housed calves
It is common practice in the dairy sector to separate calves from their dam shortly after birth and to keep them in individual pens during the first weeks of life. This routine, however, disregards the social nature of bovine species and strongly restricts or even rules out social contact between…
Definition of levels of restriction of visual and tactile contact in pens for individually housing calves
Council Directive 2008/119/EC requires to allow direct visual and tactile contact between calves in individual pens. Depending on structural features of partitions between pens different levels of restriction of visual and tactile contact may be experienced by calves (e.g., contact depends on body posture of calves; body parts that can…
Enrichments for equines
Coming soon.
Enrichments for small ruminants
Coming soon.
