A Question to EURCAW (Q2E) has been published in relation to animal-based measures collected at slaughter to monitor on-farm welfare in cattle. The answer outlines the ante-mortem and post-mortem measures that may be used for calves, beef cattle, and dairy cattle in assessing on-farm welfare at slaughter. For the full answer, visit the Q2E page. 

Questions to EURCAW (Q2E) is a fast-track service offered by EU Reference Centre for Animal Welfare Ruminants & Equines providing technical and scientific advice on ruminant and equine welfare.